Udmurt Republic, Russia (Udmurtia)

The capital city of Udmurt republic: Izhevsk.

Udmurtia overview

Udmurtia (the Udmurt Republic) is a federal subject of Russia, part of the Volga Federal District. Izhevsk is the capital city of the region.

Udmurt republic flag

Udmurt republic coat of arms

Udmurt republic anthem

Udmurt republic map, Russia

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Udmurtia history

According to archaeological sites, the first people began to settle on the territory of present Udmurtia in the Mesolithic Age (7-10 thousand years ago). In the subsequent archaeological epochs, in the western Urals, the processes of differentiation of the ancient Finno-Ugric population took place. Later, about one thousand years ago, the Udmurt ethnos formed.

In the 12th-13th centuries, the first Russian settlements appeared on the Vyatka River. By the 15th century, the northern Udmurts were included in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1552, after Moscow conquered the Kazan Khanate, the northern and southern Udmurts found themselves within the borders of one state.

In the 17th-18th centuries, the development of this territory began, the first enterprises were built, metallurgy and production of weapons were the most developed industries. Since 1731, the mass conversion of the Udmurts to Christianity began.

November 4, 1920, Votskaya Autonomous Oblast was formed. In 1921, Izhevsk became the capital city of the region. January 1, 1932, it was renamed into Udmurt Autonomous Oblast. December 28, 1934, it became the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. During the Second World War, dozens of industrial enterprises from Kiev, Kharkov, Baku, Odessa, Podolsk and other cities were evacuated to Udmurtia.

Today, the status of the national republic and the defense orientation of the region’s industry largely determine the socio-economic and cultural identity of the Udmurt Republic.

Beautiful nature of Udmurtia

Hilly landscape of Udmurtia

Author: Iliya Chirkov

Author: Victor Sergeev

Winter in Udmurtia

Author: Aivar Ruukel

Udmurtia features

The Udmurts are the indigenous population of the region. It is one of the ancient East-Finnish peoples of the northwestern forest area of the Urals. The total number of the Udmurts in the world is about 750 thousand people. About 65% of them live in the Udmurt Republic. The state languages of the republic are Russian and Udmurt.

The national composition according to the 2010 census: Russians (62.2%), Udmurts (28%), Tatars (6.7%). The largest cities and towns of Udmurtia are Izhevsk (642,000), Sarapul (98,500), Votkinsk (98,100), Glazov (94,000), Mozhga (49,700).

The main mineral resource of the republic is oil. The explored industrial oil reserves are about 300 million tons, with an annual production of 10 million tons. Today, all major deposits have been developed for decades and are in the stage of falling production. The republic also produces coal and peat.

Udmurtia also has industrial reserves of limestone, dolomite, building sand, crushed stone, clay for production of bricks, building stone, sand-gravel mixture. About 46% of the territory is covered with forests, half of which are coniferous.

Udmurtia economy

The Udmurt Republic is a region with developed industry and diversified agricultural production. It has the highest concentration of defense enterprises in Russia. The main industries are machine building, metalworking, ferrous metallurgy, and woodworking.

Cars and vans, paper machines, motorcycles, equipment for oil fields, hunting and sporting guns, chemical equipment are produced in the region. Izhmash (formerly Izhevsk Arms Factory) is Russia’s largest producer of small arms, created by the decree of Emperor Alexander I in 1807. Logging is conducted in the northern and western parts of the republic.

Agricultural lands occupy about 50% of the territory of the republic. Rye, wheat, buckwheat, barley, oats, millet, peas, corn, sunflower, flax, rape, potatoes, vegetables, forage crops are grown.

The only airport of the republic is located in Izhevsk. Several federal highways pass through the territory of Udmurtia: M7 (access to Izhevsk and Perm), P320, P321, P322. The leading role in interregional relations of the Udmurt Republic is played by rail transport carrying out the bulk of interregional transport of goods and passengers.

The Udmurt Republic pictures

Village in the Udmurt Republic

Author: Nadezda Shklyaeva

Author: Andreev Sergey

Field road in Udmurtia

Author: Joonas Tuuling

Udmurtia tourism

Tourist complex of Udmurtia includes about 2.5 thousand objects. Many of them are related to the life and work of such world-famous people as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, Galina Alekseevna Kulakova, Nadezhda Andreevna Durova.

There are more than 150 accommodation places for tourists, 32 museums, over 2 thousand historical and cultural monuments, natural parks, reserves and monuments, sports complexes. Rural tourism is also developing. The reception of tourists in rural areas is organized by about 150 private households.

The main souvenirs of Udmurtia are handicrafts: woven bags, tapestries, felt products, folk toys, carved wooden souvenirs, boxes, birch bark, trinkets made from Ural gems.

The main sights of Udmurtia:

Natural parks of the Udmurt Republic:

Источник

Субъекты Российской Федерации.

Тетратека

НАЗВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Часто у переводчиков возникает вопрос, как правильно писать на английском языке названия субъектов Российской Федерации. На наш взгляд самым логичным было посмотреть перевод Конституции Российской Федерации, выложенный на каком-то из заслуживающих доверие сайтах, например, на www.constitution.ru.

Согласно переводу статьи 65 Конституции РФ на английском языке субъекты РФ имеют следующие названия:

Республика Адыгея (Адыгея) Republic of Adygeya Республика Алтай Republic of Altai Республика Башкортостан Republic of Bashkortostan Республика Бурятия Republic of Buryatia Республика Дагестан Republic of Daghestan Республика Ингушетия Republic of Ingushetia Кабардино-Балкарская Республика Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Республика Калмыкия Republic of Kalmykia Карачаево-Черкесская Республика Karachayevo-Circassian Republic Республика Карелия Republic of Karelia Республика Коми Komi Republic Республика Крым Republic of Crimea Республика Марий Эл Republic of Mari El Республика Мордовия Republic of Mordovia Республика Саха (Якутия) Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Республика Северная Осетия – Алания Republic of North Ossetia – Alania Республика Татарстан (Татарстан) Republic of Tatarstan Республика Тыва Republic of Tuva Удмуртская Республика Udmurtian Republic Республика Хакасия Republic of Khakassia Чеченская Республика Chechen Republic Чувашская Республика – Чувашия Chuvash Republic

Territories Алтайский край Altai Territory Забайкальский край Trans-Baikal Territory Камчатский край Kamchatka Territory Краснодарский край Krasnodar Territory Красноярский край Krasnoyarsk Territory Пермский край Perm Territory Приморский край Primorye Territory Ставропольский край Stavropol Territory Хабаровский край Khabarovsk Territory

Амурская область Amur Region Архангельская область Arkhangelsk Region Астраханская область Astrakhan Region Белгородская область Belgorod Region Брянская область Bryansk Region Владимирская область Vladimir Region Волгоградская область Volgograd Region Вологодская область Vologda Region Воронежская область Voronezh Region Ивановская область Ivanovo Region Иркутская область Irkutsk Region Калининградская область Kaliningrad Region Калужская область Kaluga Region Кемеровская область Kemerovo Region Кировская область Kirov Region Костромская область Kostroma Region Курганская область Kurgan Region Курская область Kursk Region Ленинградская область Leningrad Region Липецкая область Lipetsk Region Магаданская область Magadan Region Московская область Moscow Region Мурманская область Murmansk Region Нижегородская область Nizhny Novgorod Region Новгородская область Novgorod Region Новосибирская область Novosibirsk Region Омская область Omsk Region Оренбургская область Orenburg Region Орловская область Orel Region Пензенская область Penza Region Псковская область Pskov Region Ростовская область Rostov Region Рязанская область Ryazan Region Самарская область Samara Region Саратовская область Saratov Region Сахалинская область Sakhalin Region Свердловская область Sverdlovsk Region Смоленская область Smolensk Region Тамбовская область Tambov Region Тверская область Tver Region Томская область Tomsk Region Тульская область Tula Region Тюменская область Tyumen Region Ульяновская область Ulyanovsk Region Челябинская область Chelyabinsk Region Ярославская область Yaroslavl Region

Города федерального значения

Cities o f Federal Importance

Москва Moscow Санкт-Петербург St. Petersburg Севастополь Sevastopol

Autonomous Region s

Еврейская автономная область Jewish Autonomous Region

Ненецкий автономный округ Nenets Autonomous Area Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra Чукотский автономный округ Chukotka Autonomous Area Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area

Мы в своей работе используем именно этот вариант.

Справедливости ради следует отметить, что перевод Конституции РФ, размещенный на сайте www.kremlin.ru, несколько отличается. Перевод названий субъектов в статье 65 полностью соответствует приведенной таблице, но вот в переводе статьи 66 мы видим следующую картину: «The status of a kray, oblast, city of federal significance, autonomous oblast, autonomous okrug shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter of the kray, oblast, city of federal significance, autonomous oblast and autonomous okrug which is adopted by the legislative (representative) body of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation.» – т.е. «Territory» превращается в «Kray», «Region» в «Oblast», «City of Federal Importance» в «City of Federal Significance», «Autonomous Region» в «Autonomous Oblast», а «Autonomous Area» в «Autonomous Okrug». Все, что можно было перевести по-другому, было переведено по-другому.

Но это, скорее всего, временное явление и в ближайшем будущем размещенный текст будет заменен, дабы устранить разночтение.

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Udmurt Republic (Udmurtia)

Udmurt Republic (Удму́ртская Pеспу́блика)

Cities and towns of the Republic of Udmurtia

Izhevsk	Иже́вск	632,140
Glazov	Гла́зов	100,894
Sarapul	Сарапул	103,141
Votkinsk	Во́ткинск	99,441
Mozhga	Можга	47,119
Kambarka	Камбарка	12,636

Population statistics from 2002 census.

About the Udmurt Republic.

Udmurtia is a Russian republic located in European Russia about 1300km east of Moscow and west of the Ural mountains. There are around 1.6 million people living in Udmurtia. The republic was created in the area natively inhabited by th Udmurt people. Today the predominate ethnic group is Russian but there are still almost 500,000 Udmurts living in the republic. The largest city and the capital of the Udmurt Republic is Izhevsk.

Throughout Russia’s soviet history Udmurtia has been organised under a number of different self governing structures, it’s present form has existed since 1990. Udmurtia has it’s own president and parliament and elections take place every five years.

During World War II a large number of industries were moved to Udmutia. Today Udmurtia is very industrialised republic. Predominate industries include weapons manufacture, oil and gas industries. The infamous AK-47 rifle was designed in Izhevsk and most Kalashnikov weapons are still developed here. There are quite a number of other weapons production facilities in the republic. Udmurtia has a number of oil fields from which most of the oil is exported from the Republic.

The Udmurt People.

The Udmurt people are the native people of the Udmurtia region. Perhaps best known abroad for their red hair. Early researchers claimed that Udmurts were the most red haired people in the world. It one of the few places outside the United Kingdom where red hair is of common origin.

The Udmurt people have also been known as Votyaks, Chud Otyatskaya, Otyaks. Their lands have been ruled by many nations through history including the Golden Horde, but has been part of Russia since 1489. The Udmurts along with other local tribes staged numerous uprising against the Russian empire for the next couple of centuries. Udmurts traditionally live in small agricultural based communities. They have a number of their own traditions including dress.

The Udmurt people speak the Udmurt language, although Russian is certainly the most predominate language in the republic. Both languages are official languages of the Udmurt Republic. Russian is mostly used in cities and schools however Udmurt is in common use within Udmurt communities. The language is of Finno-Ugric origin so fits into the same language groups as Finish and Hungarian. However the Udmurt has borrowed quite a number of loan words from the neighbouring languages of Russian and Tartar.

The religion of the Udmurts is traditionally pagan. It is based around folklore and mythology similar to that of the Finno-Ugric people. Remnants of these religious practices are still strongly present but the people have been significantly influenced by Russian Orthodoxy.

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